Embriogenesis Somatik Tidak Langsung Pada Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) Menggunakan Sistem Kultur Suspensi, Perendaman Sesaat, Dan Media Padat

AbstactThe accurate method of in vitro culture will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of sago palm callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis induction. The research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three methods for tissue culture, i.e. suspension, temporary immersion system (TIS), and solid media culture, for indirect somatic embryogenesis of sago palm “Alitir” derived from Merauke, Papua. A clump of friable calli derived from sucker’s tip meristem culture was used as starting material. The calli were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 5.0–15.0 mg/l 2,4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin using three culture methods. There were twelve treatment combinations. The results showed that the highest fresh weight of calli was 12.0 g/flask achieved by suspension culture method supplemented with 15 mg/l 2.4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The highest number of somatic embryo was 384.7 pcs/flask achieved by suspension culture method with supplemented 5 mg/l 2.4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The best survival rate (100%) was obtained by suspension culture method for all treatments with 2.4-D concentration. During the somatic embryo induction of sago palm, the color of calli has changed from mostly yellowish to light yellow and yellowish-white