Background: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare lung parenchyma disorders with high morbidity and mortality. In adults, the most common form of IIP is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A genetic cause is identified in up to 20% of cases, telomerase and surfactant genes mutations being the first etiologies. This study aims to investigate the implication of the genes encoding the surfactant protein (SP), in particular SP-A1, SP-A2, and SP-D, in pediatric and adult patients with unexplained IIP.Methods: Surfactant genes, in particular SFTPA1, SFTPA2 and SFTPD, were sequenced. New variations were studied with functional and tissues experimentations. Results: The study involved 345 patients. A heter...