Are bystander intervention programmes effective at tackling sexual violence in emerging adults?

Objectives: There has been growing concern regarding the culture of sexual violence in emerging adulthood. Bystander intervention programmes have been proposed as effective strategies in promoting behavioural change and challenging social norms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of one such programme, the Intervention Initiative (TII) in enhancing bystander behaviours. Design: The current study employed a within subjects design, and data relating to Social Norms and Bystander Self-Efficacy were collected at three time points. Methods: Participants (N=30) volunteered to take part in TII. The programme was evaluated using Social Norms and Bystander Self-Efficacy questionnaires at pre, mid-point and post programme completion. The survey also included open questions focusing on reasons for volunteering, and the impact of the programme on bystander behaviours. Results: Findings of the data analysis highlight an increase in Bystander Self-Efficacy over the course of the programme, and improved Social Norms related to gender and sexual violence. Conclusions: TII is an effective programme to change social norms and empower young people to become active bystanders. Routine Activity Theory proposes that bystander programmes are effective as they encourage and strengthen guardianship. Implications for educational settings and the development of transferable skills are discussed