Wave shock forces: An analysis on deformations and wave forces in the wave and the foundation

At the inauguration of two advanced wind-wave flumes in the Netherlands, three decades after BAGNOLD's pioneer work, and one decade after the Haringvliet sluice investigation and the joint Dutch-Danish investigation of the Hanstholm breakwaters, it seems appropriate to summarize current knowledge on wave shock phenomena. These may be classified into 3 types: Ventilated, compression and hammer shocks (Fig. 1). The following conclusions are reached: (1) Model impulses can be translated to the prototype by Froude's law. - (2) Froude's law also applies to the maximum pressure of a well-ventilated shock, but will yield conservative vaLues when the bubble content in prototype is high and the pressurl rise is very rapid. - (3) The Compression Model Law, Fig. 5, applies approximately to the maximum pressure of a compression shock. - (4) Froude's law is valid for a normal hammer shock, but in some cases a composite effect, also involving compressibility, may occur. It is suggested that future research be based on detailed studies in large, well instrumented models, and that the physical analysis be translated to prototype with duo consideration of various scale effects such as difference in bubble contents. The action of wave forces on foundations requires combined geotechnical/coastal research. It would seem that most foundations are so stiff that shock forces are transferred directly to the foundation with amplification factors up to 1.7. The study of wave shock forces represents a particular"Ly good example of a research field where the need of cross-scientific contacts cannot be stressed too much