Single-Frequency L5 PPP-RTK with GPS, IRNSS, QZSS and Galileo

The concept of PPP-RTK is to achieve integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) at a single GNSS user by providing network-derived satellite phase biases (SPBs) in addition to the standard precise point positioning (PPP) corrections. These corrections enable recovering integerness of user ambiguities, thereby recovering the full capability of the precise carrier-phase observations. This contribution analyzes the capability of single-receiver positioning with IAR using new L5/E5a-frequency observations from GPS, the European Galileo, the Japanese quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS) and the Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS). In the absence of network products for new systems, especially for IRNSS, we use a small array of multi-GNSS stations to provide a batch of network-derived corrections. These array-aided corrections, comprising estimable combinations of the satellite clocks, first-order slant ionospheric delays as well as the satellite phase biases, are applied to the multi-system single-frequency L5/E5a-observations of the user station. Results from real-data experiments demonstrate that even though standalone PPP-RTK using current L5/E5a-enabled satellite sets of each single system is not possible yet, they effectively contribute to the tightly integrated multi-system PPR-RTK.Mathematical Geodesy and Positionin