Legal regultaion of the territorial sea

Skozi zgodovino se je pomen morja povečeval. S povečanje potrebe po trgovanju, izmenjevanju dobrin je morje postalo pomembna transportna pot. Z razvojem ribolova, svetovne trgovine, izkoriščanja naravnih bogastev pa se je pomen morja za države še povečeval. Teritorialno morje je objekt mednarodnega prava. S Konvencijo o teritorialnem morju in zunanjem pasu so poskušali urediti pravne značilnosti teritorialnega morja. To jim v celoti ni uspelo in zato je določanje širine teritorialnega morja ostalo prepuščeno obalnim državam. Spore v zvezi s teritorialnim morje so države članice dolžne reševati v skladu z načelom mirnega reševanja sporov, ki je zajeto že v Ustanovni listini ZN. Ta hkrati določa tudi institucije, na katere se lahko obrnejo države članice v primeru, da pri reševanju sporov ne zadošča metoda mirnega reševanja. V diplomskem delu so zajete pravne značilnosti teritorialnega morja, režim v teritorialnem morju, pravice in obveznosti držav v njem. Predstavljeni sta dve instituciji za reševanje sporov med državami članicami, in sicer ITLOS in ICJ. Predstavljene so tudi dejavnosti na področju pomorskega mednarodnega prava, ki jih izvaja OZN in dejavnosti, ki jih izvaja EU. Nekaj pozornosti je posvečene tudi primeru Corfu channal.Through history, the importance of the sea has increased. By increasing the need for trade and exchanging goods, the sea has become an important transport route. With the development of fishing, world trade, and exploitation of natural resources, the importance of the sea for countries has increased more. The territorial sea is an object of international law. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and the outer belt tried to regulate the legal characteristics of the territorial sea. This was unsuccessful and therefore the determination of the breadth of the territorial sea was left to the coastal states. In relation to the territorial sea, Member States are obliged to resolve disputes in accordance with the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes already covered by the UN Statute. At the same time, it is also determined by the institutions to which Member States can turn to if a peaceful resolution method is not sufficient to resolve disputes. The bachelor thesis covers the legal characteristics of the territorial sea, the regime in the territorial sea and the rights and obligations of the countries in it. Two conflict resolution institutions were set up between the Member States, named ITLOS and the ICJ. Activities in the field of maritime international law, implemented by the UN and activities carried out by the EU, are also presented. There is also some attention paid to the Corfu channel case