Protection of the child\u27s property

Otroci so ena izmed najšibkejših kategorij subjektov prava, zato je potrebna posebna skrb pri varovanju njihovih pravic in koristi. Poleg varstva in vzgoje otroka, je potrebno poskrbeti tudi za zavarovanje vseh drugih otrokovih pravic in koristi, kamor sodijo tudi otrokove premoženjske pravice in koristi. ZZZDR v mnogo členih določa otrokovo korist kot osnovno vodilo za ravnanje v vseh zadevah v zvezi z otrokom. Otrokova korist je pravni standard, torej vrednostni pojem, ki ga je potrebno v vsakem posameznem primeru konkretizirati, glede na dane okoliščine. Starši morajo izvrševati svojo roditeljsko pravico v otrokovo korist, prav tako morajo skrbeti za otrokovo premoženje ter ga upravljati v otrokovo korist. Kadar starši ne upravljajo otrokovega premoženja v otrokovo korist, je potreben poseg pravnega reda. Centri za socialno delo in sodišča nadzorujejo upravljanje otrokovega premoženja in sprejemajo potrebne ukrepe, kadar starši odpovedo. Center za socialno delo lahko od staršev zahteva, da podajo račun o upravljanju otrokovega premoženja, kadar so ogrožene otrokove premoženjske koristi. Od sodišča pa lahko zahteva, da dovoli zavarovanje na premoženju staršev. Center za socialno delo lahko tudi predlaga sodišču, da se postavi starše v položaj skrbnika glede upravljanja otrokovega premoženja. Center za socialno delo lahko postavi mladoletnemu otroku skrbnika za poseben primer ter s tem poskrbi za varstvo otrokovih premoženjskih koristi. Starši smejo odsvojiti ali obremeniti substanco otrokovega premoženja samo s privolitvijo centra za socialno delo. Pri tem se poraja vprašanje, ali je takšna ureditev res v največjo otrokovo korist ali bi bila potrebna drugačna ureditev tega področja. Pristojnosti za sprejemanje ukrepov za zavarovanje otrokovih premoženjskih koristi si delita sodišče in center za socialno delo. Sodišče sprejema ukrepe za zavarovanje otrokovega premoženja v nepravdnem postopku, center za socialno delo pa sprejema te ukrepe v upravnem postopku. Takšna ločenost pristojnosti in različnost postopkov je v nasprotju z osnovnim vodilom otrokove koristi. S pomočjo Centra za socialno delo Ravne na Koroškem in Centra za socialno delo Radlje ob Dravi sem pridobila statistične podatke o sprejetju ukrepov za zavarovanje otrokovega premoženja, katere sem predstavila v diplomskem delu. Praksa centrov za socialno delo kaže, da vsebuje ZZZDR na obravnavanem področju nedodelanosti in pomanjkljivosti. 21. 3 2017 je bil sprejet Družinski zakonik, ki odpravlja pomanjkljivosti in sporno ureditev obravnavanega področja ter zagotavlja večje varovanje otrokove koristi.Children are one of the weakest categories of legal subjects hence their rights and interests need to be dealt with special care. In addition to their protection and upbringing, we have to make sure that all other children’s rights and interests are protected, including their material rights and benefits. Law on Marriage and Family Relations determines the child’s interests as a guiding principle in dealing with all matters related to the child. It is a legal standard, which needs to be specified in each individual case depending on the given circumstances. The parents are obliged to exercise their parental rights in accordance with the child’s interests, as well as take care of its assets and manage them in the child’s best interests. In case the parents do not manage the child’s assets according to the child’s best interests, social work centers and courts need to intervene. Social work centers and courts monitor the management of the child’s assets and take necessary measures when parents fail. A social work center may demand of the parents that they account for the management of the child\u27s assets, when its material benefits are threatened. It may demand of the court that it permits security against the assets of the parents. A social work center may recommend to the court it appoints the parents guardians in relation to managing the child\u27s assets. A social work center may appoint a guardian for special cases to the juvenile making sure that the child’s material benefits are secured. Parents may expropriate or burden material assets from the property of their child only with the consent of the social work center. It remains unclear whether this kind of an arrangement is in the best interest of the child or if there is a need to find a better solution for the dilemma at hand. Courts and social work centers are bodies competent for taking measures to insure the protection of the child’s material benefits. The court takes measures in a non-litigious procedure, while the social work center takes measures in an administrative procedure. The separation of competences and the difference in procedures is at odds with the basic principle of acting in the child’s best interests. With the help from the social work centers Ravne na Koroškem and Radlje ob Dravi, we obtained statistical data concerning the measures taken to secure the child’s assets, which we have presented in the thesis. The experiences of the social work centers mentioned above show that the Law on Marriage and Family Relations is deficient when it comes to child’s rights and interests. The Family Code, which was adopted on the 21st March 2017, removes these deficiencies and ensures a greater protection of the child’s interests