Installments of capital insurance

V Sloveniji se število sklenjenih življenjskih zavarovanj v zadnjih letih povečuje. Sklenitev življenjskega zavarovanja pomeni dolgoročno finančno obvezo. Ko želimo izbrati zavarovanje, ki bi najbolj ustrezalo našim kriterijem in zadovoljilo naše potrebe, se soočimo z različnimi težavami. Najprej moramo ugotoviti, katera zavarovalnica nam nudi najboljše storitve, in katera vrsta zavarovanj nam najbolj ustreza. Analizirati moramo, kolikšen znesek smo pripravljeni plačati, za kakšno obdobje se bomo zavarovali, kakšno zavarovalno vsoto bomo dobili, kolikšna je razlika, če denar vložimo na banko ali v zavarovalnico itn. Na začetku pričujočega dela smo predstavili in opisali različne vrste rent: časovne rente, dosmrtne rente, odložene dosmrtne rente in začasne rente. Računali smo njihove sedanje vrednosti in predstavili komutativna števila, to so oznake, s katerimi zamenjamo in poenostavljamo zapletene aktuarske izraze. Različne vrednosti komutativnih števil smo predstavili v tablici smrtnosti, ki je priložena na koncu drugega poglavja in s pomočjo katere smo rešavali aktuarske probleme iz vsakdanjega življenja. V tretjem poglavju smo obravnavali kapitalska zavarovanja. Spoznali smo zavarovanje za doživetje, zavarovanje za primer smrti, začasno zavarovanje za primer smrti, poseben poudarek pa smo dali mešanemu zavarovanju, saj gre za zavarovanje, ki v zadnjem obdobju zbuja veliko zanimanja. V zadnjem poglavju smo predstavili obročno odplačevanje kapitalskih zavarovanj. Izpeljali smo formule za izračun letnih in mesečnih premij. Ko se odločamo v izbiri zavarovanja in primerjamo različne tipe zavarovanj, moramo poznati njihove lasnosti in razlike med njimi. Cilj magistrskega dela je predstaviti te lastnosti in razlike ter načelo enakovrednosti, ki pravi da mora biti znesek, ki ga vložimo danes, enakovreden tistemu, ki ga dobimo v prihodnosti. V empiričnem delu smo s pomočjo načela enakovrednosti izpleljali in analizirali formule za posamezne vrste zavarovanj. Te formule smo uporabili v konkretnih primerih. S primerjavo le-teh smo ugotovili, katero zavarovanje je primernejše, koristnejše za določeno osebo. Prišli smo do ugotovitve, da se hipoteze, ki smo jih podali v uvodnem poglavju, potrjujejo.The number of life contracts has been increasing in Slovenia in recent years. Life insurance is a long-term financial commitment. When we want to choose the insurance which best matches with our needs, we are dealing with various difficulties. In order to satisfy our needs, we have to choose the insurance which is the most suitable for us and our budget. First, we should determine which insurance company offers the best services and what type of insurance is the most appropriate for us. We need to analyze how much we are willing to pay for the certain insurance, how long we would like to be insured for, how much of the insured sum we would receive, what is the main difference between investing our money in a bank and in an insurance company, etc. At the beginning of the present work we introduced and described some types of annuities: time annuities, life annuities, deferred life annuities and temporary annuities. We have calculated their present values and presented commutative numbers, i.e. symbols with which we replace and simplify complex actuarial terms. The various values of the commutative numbers are presented in the mortality table, which is attached at the end of the second chapter, and which helps us solve the actuarial problems from everyday life. In the third chapter, we have dealt with capital insurance. We have presented longevity insurance, life insurance, temporary life insurance, and we have put special emphasis on mixed insurance, which has taken big interest by customers these days. We have introduced, in the last chapter, installments of capital insurance. We have deduced formulae for calculation of annual and monthly premiums. When we are about to make a decision, which type of insurance is the most suitable for our needs, we have to know the main qualities and differences between them. The purpose of our master thesis is to present properties of different types of insurance and differences between them through the principle of equivalence, which states that the amount which we invest today is equivalent to the one we obtain in the future. In the empirical part, we have analyzed and determined through the principle of equivalence the general formulae which are given for several types of insurance. We applied these formulae in concrete examples. By comparing these examples, we found out what type of insurance is the appropriate, or more useful for a particular person. Finally, we confirmed the hypotheses that are presented in the introductory chapter