The suitability of the right to be forgotten and its implementation regards to the protection of privacy

Osrednji del magistrske naloge prestavlja pravica do pozabe, ki jo je Sodišče Evropske unije ugotovilo v sodbi v zadevi C-131/12, Google proti Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) in Mario Costeja González, ter spremembe, ki jih na tem področju prinaša nova Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov. Sodišče Evropske unije je v tej prelomni sodbi navedlo, da lahko posameznik zahteva odstranitev hiperpovezav, ki so rezultat iskalnega termina po posameznikovem imenu oziroma sorodnih besednih zvezah, če je na podlagi teh mogoče (neposredno ali posredno) identificirati posameznika. Za to bo šlo predvsem takrat, kadar so podatki o posamezniku netočni, neprimerni, neustrezni, pretirani ali neažurni. Pri presoji posameznega zahtevka je potrebno vsakokratno tehtanje med nasprotujočimi si pravicami in interesi, v okviru katerega pa je treba upoštevati pomembnost pravic zadevne osebe iz 7. člena (spoštovanje zasebnega in družinskega življenja) in 8. člena (varstvo osebnih podatkov) Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah. Z obdelavo podatkov spletni iskalniki močno posegajo v pravice posameznika in omogočajo tretji osebi, da na podlagi seznama zadetkov sestavi o iskani osebi podroben profil, kar bi bilo brez internetnega iskanja onemogočeno ali vsaj zelo oteženo. Odločba je močno odmevala v medijih in požela ogromno kritik. Bistvo zadevne sodbe pa je prav v tem, da v določenih primerih varstvo podatkov in pravica do zasebnosti kot temeljni pravici prevladata nad ekonomskimi interesi spletnih iskalnikov in svobodo izražanja. Magistrska naloga je vsebinsko razdeljena na pet delov. V uvodnem poglavju je za lažji oris problema na kratko predstavljena citirana sodba Sodišča Evropske unije, njeni učinki ter pravna vprašanja, ki jih je navedena odločitev načela. Hkrati so navedene hipoteze, ki so dane v kritično presojo. Drugo poglavje služi predvsem nadaljnjemu razumevanju sodbe ter lažjemu utemeljevanju meril, ki utemeljujejo izbris. Ker so vse države članice Evropske unije tudi podpisnice Evropske konvencije o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, poglavje obravnava tudi razmerje med Listino Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah in Evropsko konvencijo o človekovih pravicah, zaradi česar avtor delno načne tudi vprašanje same skladnosti pravice do pozabe s konvencijskih pravom. Obravnavane so tri temeljne človekove pravice (pravica do zasebnosti, pravica do varstva osebnih podatkov in pravica do svobode izražanja), katerih tehtanje oziroma uravnoteženje je pomembno v odnosu do pravice do pozabe oziroma se zahteva pri vsakokratni presoji izbrisnega zahtevka. Ker je poudarek magistrske naloge na obravnavanju pravice do pozabe, o čemer se ustrezno razglablja v tretjem poglavju, so omenjene pravice obravnavane omejeno, le kolikor je to potrebno za boljše razumevanje te magistrske naloge. Osrednje poglavje magistrske naloge se neposredno osredotoča na pravico do pozabe, njen zgodovinski razvoj ter analizo sodbe, predstavljeni so tudi kriteriji za tolmačenje posameznikovih zahtevkov. Ker se bo 25. 5. 2018 začela uporabljati Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov, ki je prenovila oziroma posodobila določbe Direktive 95/46/ES iz leta 1995, je četrto poglavje osredotočeno na slednje ter na ureditev pravice do pozabe v zadevni uredbi. Predvsem avtor pri tem ugotavlja, da je na podlagi same Splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov mogoča širša uporaba pravice do pozabe. Izražena je tudi kritična presoja statutarne pravne ureditve pravice, poglavje pa konstituira tudi rešitve v zvezi z nekaterimi pomanjkljivostmi dotične pravice v novi Splošni uredbi o varstvu podatkov. V zadnjem poglavju avtor preverja postavljene hipoteze ter podaja sklepne misli.The main part of the master\u27s thesis is The Right to be forgotten that was found by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Case C-131/12 Google v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) and Mario Costeja González, as well as the changes that are brought in this area by the new General Data Protection Regulation. The Court of Justice in this ground-breaking judgment stated, that an individual may request a removal of the hyperlinks that are results of a search term by the subject’s name or other related phrases, if it is possible to (directly or indirectly) identify a person. This will mainly be the case, when the information about a person is inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive in relation to the purposes of processing. When assessing an individual’s claim, it is necessary to balance the opposing rights and interests concerned, in the context of which into account must be taken the subject’s rights arising from Articles 7 (protection of personal data) and 8 (protection of personal data)of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. By processing data, search engines significantly affect the fundamental rights of an individual and allow a third party to obtain more or less detailed profile of him, which would be possible or at least very difficult without the search engine. The Court’s decision resounded greatly in the media and got a lot of criticism. But the essence of the judgment in question is precisely that in certain cases, data protection and the Right to privacy as two fundamental rights prevail over the economic interests of the search engines and the Freedom of expression. The master\u27s thesis is divided into five parts. In the introductory section, for the purpose to outline the problem more understandably, there is a brief summary of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, its effects and the legal issues raised by the decision. At the same time, hypotheses are given in which they are placed into a critical assessment. The second chapter serves primarily to further understanding of the judgment and to facilitate the justification of the criteria that justify the erasure. Since all of the Member States of the European Union are also signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the chapter also deals with the legal relationship between the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights, which forces the author to partly raise the question of the coherence of The Right to be forgotten with the Convention Law. All three fundamental human rights, The Right to privacy, The Protection of personal data and The Right to freedom of expression, are taken into consideration, rights on which balancing is fundamental in relation and required to assess the subjects removal requests. Since the Emphasis of the master\u27s thesis is to assess The Right to be forgotten, which is discussed in chapter three, all three fundamental rights are assessed limited only to the extent which is necessary to better understand this master\u27s thesis. The main chapter of the master\u27s thesis focuses directly on The Right to be forgotten, its historical development, the analysis of the judgment and the criteria that are crucial for the interpretation the of individual\u27s claim. Because on 25th of May 2018 the General Data Protection Regulation shall apply, which has greatly renewed the Data Protection Directive provisions, the fourth section focuses on just that and the regulation of The Right to be forgotten in the relevant Regulation. In particular, the author notices, that it is possible to wider interpretation and use of The right to be forgotten. A critical assessment of the statutory provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation is expressed and the chapter also constitutes solutions to some of the deficiencies of the right in question in the new Regulation. In the last chapter, the author exami