Characteristics of classroom management at primary school level

Poklic učitelja je za mnoge najlepši poklic na svetu, saj je smisel tega dela oblikovanje osebnosti otrok, ki šele začenjajo svojo življenjsko pot. Magistrska naloga je razdeljena na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljene značilnosti vodenja oddelka na razredni stopnji osnovne šole. Podrobneje so opisani razredništvo, naloge in vloga razrednika ter njegove kompetence. Predstavljena je tudi zakonodaja s tega področja. Vsakemu razredniku je dodeljen oddelek, ki ga mora vodi v skladu z normativi, ki jih določa zakonodaja. Za uspešno vodenje pa je treba poznati dejavnike, ki vplivajo na uspešnost ter uporabiti preventivne ukrepe z namenom, da vzgojno-izobraževalni proces nemoteno poteka. Vsak posameznik je osebnost zase, edinstven in neponovljiv, zato razrednik nima recepta za uspešno poučevanje, ki bi lahko deloval pri vseh učencih. Vsaka skupina učencev ima svoje pozitivne in negativne lastnosti, zato mora učitelj dobro poznati vse učence ter šele nato izoblikovati smernice, ki bodo primerne za uspešno vodenje razreda. Pri tem si lahko razrednik pomaga s teoretičnimi izhodišči, ki so predstavljena v nalogi. Med najpomembnejše dejavnike štejemo organizacijo in artikulacijo pouka, razredno klimo, medsebojne odnose, komunikacijo ter avtonomnost in odnos učitelja do lastnega dela ter seveda tudi do učencev. V empiričnem delu je bila izvedena raziskava, s katero smo preverjali mnenja učiteljev o njihovem načinu vodenja oddelka. Uporabljen je bil anketni vprašalnik, dobljeni rezultati pa so primerjani z opazovanjem pouka. Ugotovili smo, da so učitelji mnenja, da je razredništvo pomembna vloga, ki od njih zahteva dodatno odgovornost in doslednost pri delu. Ključ do uspešnega vodenja razreda so po mnenju učiteljev poleg doslednosti in odgovornosti učitelja tudi medsebojni odnosi v razredu ter organizacija pouka. Splošno povzeto so rezultati raziskave pokazali, da učitelji navajajo, da v razredih uporabljajo smernice, ki so predstavljene v strokovni literaturi, vendar je od vsakega učitelja odvisno, v kolikšni meri daje poudarek na teh izhodiščih, ki so pomembna za uspešno vodenje oddelka.Many people consider the teaching profession to be the most beautiful profession in the world, since the purpose of this work is to develop a personality of children who are just starting to build their lives. The master\u27s thesis is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part presents the characteristics of class management at the elementary school level. Class teaching, the tasks and role of a class teacher, his competences and the legislation covering this area are described in more detail. A class teacher is assigned to each class and the teacher must manage it in accordance with the norms stipulated by the legislation. For successful management, however, it is necessary to know the factors that influence a successful performance and use preventive measures which prevent a disruption of the educational process. Each individual has a distinct personality, is unique and unrepeatable, therefore the class teacher does not have a universal recipe for successful teaching that could work with all pupils. Each group of pupils has both positive and negative characteristics, which is why the teacher must get to know all his pupils well and only then develop guidelines that will be suitable for a successful class management. The class teacher can help himself with the theoretical baseline, which is presented in the thesis. Among the most important factors are the organisation and articulation of class lessons, classroom climate, interaction, communication, autonomy and the teachers’ attitude towards their own work as well as towards the pupils. In the empirical part, a study was carried out to examine the opinions of teachers on their method of class management. A questionnaire was used and the obtained results were compared with the observation of classes. We have established that teachers believe that class teaching is an important role which requires additional responsibility and consistency at work. According to teachers, the key to a successful class management, in addition to the consistency and responsibility of the teacher, are mutual relations in the classroom and class organisation. In general, the results of the study indicate that teachers use the guidelines presented in academic literature in class, however, it depends on each teacher to what extent the emphasis is placed on this baseline which is of importance for a successful class management