The recognition of the complexity of environmental phenomena and of their links with human activities is a major stake for sciences. This study proposes to explain how sociology can approach environmental thematics and what are the consequences of this opening from the point of view of intellectual traditions and national contexts.The history of the links of sociology with the natural environment will first be retraced before analysing the foundations of the contemporary sociology of the environment and its main contemporary developments. One will retail the recent institutionalisation of the field in France, notably made visible by its outer characters. The claiming of a sociological approach of the environment has been limited, in this co...