This work presents the synthesis, characterization – especially thermogravimetric and structural – and lithium electrochemical intercalation properties of several manganese oxides. We describe first the preparation of a 'synthetic ramsdellite', with a low fraction of rutile-type structural defects. Among layered manganese oxides (phyllomanganates), a new route including successive low-temperature topotactic reactions allowed to prepare a lithium phyllomanganate. Its thermal stability and intercalation properties are investigated and compared to those of the sodium compound. The main part of this work is devoted to spinels Li1+xMn2–xO4, which are prominent candidates for positive electrode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries. This wo...