Fuel cells : latest developments and future outlook

Fuel cells have always been one of the top priorities that was worked aggressively in the course of developing and promoting new energy technologies. The low emission (low NOx and SOx) and CO2 reduction caused by high electrical efficiency are effective for environmental protection. That's why Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) are expected to be prompted early commercialization. Government support for PAFC has already been in the stages prior to not development technologies but commercialization. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFC) with recently technical advance attract the attention as a hopeful generators. This paper describes efforts to PAFC early commercialization as well as efforts to develop advanced fuel cells.