Evolution of Effect: The Numinous in Gothic and Post-Gothic Ghost Experience Literature

This thesis undertakes to examine Rudolf Otto\u27s work on the rational understanding of God and authentic experience, referred to as the numinous, as it applies to the authentic ghost experience as it exists in Gothic literature and its successors. We begin by establishing the scene in 19th century Europe, where the Enlightenment is the primary philosophical force and superstition is seen as a primitive concern of the past. The playful fascination with tales of ghosts and spectral forces begins here, with the publication of Walpole\u27s The Castle of Otranto, an ultimately failed, farcical piece, which nonetheless serves as the starting point for the Gothic movement. Following an explanation of Otto\u27s theories, we apply the per-requisites of authentic experience to exemplary Gothic works of writers Henry James and Arthur Machen. Following the discussion of the numinous in the Gothic setting, the paper turns to the weird fiction writers of the mid 1900s, specifically an examination of H.P. Lovecraft\u27s short stories, as well as the development of the cultural opinion on supernatural fiction. Finally, the paper addresses two contemporary ghost tales, Beyond Black and The Conjugial Angel, both stories which, taken together, present the current state of superstition and supernatural fiction in the world, as well as discussing the present place of the numinous within such fiction