Hawking tunneling and boomerang behaviour of massive particles with E < m

Copyright © 2012 American Institute of PhysicsTowards New Paradigms: Proceeding of the Spanish Relativity Meeting 2011 (ERE2011), 29 August–2 September 2011, Madrid, SpainMassive particles are radiated from black holes through the Hawking mechanism together with the more familiar radiation of massless particles. For E ≥ m, the emission rate is identical to the massless case. But E < m particles can also tunnel across the horizon. A study of the dispersion relation and wave packet simulations show that their classical trajectory is similar to that of a boomerang. The tunneling formalism is used to calculate the probability for detecting such E < m particles, for a Schwarzschild black hole of astrophysical size or in an analogue gravity experiment, as a function of the distance from the horizon and the energy of the particle