Persistence and mobility of triasulfuron, metsulfuronmethyl, and chlorsulfuron in alkaline soils / Ajit K. Sarmah.

Bibliography: leaves 157-174.xx, 192 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.This study examined the fate of three common sulfonylurea herbicides in highly alkaline soils through a series of laboratory and field experiments to determine if existing leaching models could be used to describe their field behaviour under Australian climatic conditions. A liquid chromatographic method was developed to simultaneously determine levels of triasulfuron, metsulfuronmethyl, and chlorsulfuron in soil and water. The investigation of base hydrolysis for the herbicides in aqueous buffer and soil solutions determined that it was unlikely to be a major loss pathway for sulfonylureas in alkaline soils. The herbicides were found to have low sorption, very little retardation and high mobility, moving at a marginally slower rate than water. Degradation did not follow first-order kinetics, but rather a two-stage process appeared to be involved. Both VARLEACH and LEACHM models predicted the measured concentration of the herbicides reasonably well in profile under low rainfall conditions but were less adequate under high rainfall. Forecasts with the LEACHP model predicted levels of the herbicides for a dominant soil type of the cereal belt of southern Australia with median rainfall after a year.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 199