Influence of liquid surface tension (surfactants) on bubble formation at rigid and flexible orifices

The influence of liquid surface tension on the bubble formation from both rigid and flexible orifice has been investigated. The liquid phases under test are aqueous solutions with butanol or surfactants (cationic, non-ionic and anionic); static and dynamic measurements of liquid surface tension have been performed to characterise them. This study shows that the effect of surface tension on the bubbles generated cannot be analysed only in terms of the static surface tension, but also depends on whether the bubbles are generated from a rigid orifice or from a flexible orifice. The kinetics of adsorption and diffusion of the solute molecules towards the bubble interface have to be taken into account insofar as their time scales are comparable to those of the bubble formation phenomenon