Digital three-dimensional methods for visualization : a way to communicate landscapes

This thesis investigates the possibilities offered to a working landscape architect by an increased and altered use of digital 3D environments. A basic assumption is that increased use of digital three-dimensional environments promotes the creative processes and presentation options of landscape architects. The thesis is based on literature studies and communication with working landscape architects, and includes an investigation of the visualization methods available in the Blender 3D modelling software. The thesis provides a thorough survey of what it means to model in three dimensions, as well as of what modelling methods are feasible for a landscape architect to use. As landscape architects, we work with human and unique processes, and thus it is difficult to develop standardized and automatic software for our profession. One possible solution is to turn to open source development, where software and models are shared and anyone can contribute. Especially interesting is software supporting game engines, which may be a suitable tool for modelling as well as for presentation. The primary advantage of 3D modelling is the way it allows us to experience and investigate such aspects as spatiality and proportionality in a dynamic setting. As landscape architects, our creations are never static but always dynamic, and this should be conveyed to our audiences and contractors. The primary disadvantages of 3D are that modelling is time consuming and difficult, that digital imagery often comes across as impersonal and strict, and that digital renditions tend to be interpreted as final suggestions, even at an early stage of development. 3D models can be divided into three main categories according to intended use: twodimensional, animated, and interactive. The subdivision is fluid, and a 3D model may evolve from one category to another in the course of development. Models can also be used in different phases: initially as an analysis tool, later as a sketching or working model, and finally as a presentation model. With the use of digital 3D modelling, we can see, experience, understand and convey a site before it has been built, as well as evaluate its design at an early stage. A two-dimensional image always shows a portion of a whole, never the design in its entirety. Increased use of moving images, multimedia and virtual realities adds qualities to the planning and projecting processes and may also, through communication channels such as the Internet, improve citizen dialogue concerning larger projects. This, in turn, may lead to a vitalized democracy and an increased awareness of the landscape architectural profession. Extended use of 3D technology may generate as yet unknown fields of application that may strengthen and extend the role of landscape architects in society