Dielectric behavior characterization of a fibrous-ZnO/PVDF nanocomposite

This study is focused on forming a fibrous-zinc oxide/polyvinylidine fluoride (ZnO/PVDF) nanocomposite and characterizing its dielectric behavior. The nanocomposite is prepared in two steps. First, a network of nanoscale diameter ZnO fibers is produced by sintering electrospun PVA/Zinc Acetate fibers. Second, the ZnO fibrous nonwoven mat is sandwiched between two PVDF thermoplastic polymer films by hot-press casting. Scanning electron microscope images of the nanocomposite show that hot-press casting of the fibrous-ZnO network breaks the network up into short fibers. The in-plane distribution of the ZnO fillers (i.e., the short fibers) in the PVDF matrix appears to comply with that of the pristine ZnO fibers before hot-pressing, indicating that the fillers remain well-dispersed in the polymer matrix. To the authors' knowledge, the work reported herein is the first demonstration of the use of electrospinning to secure the dispersion and distribution of a network of inorganic fillers. Moreover, processing a fibrous-ZnO/PVDF flexible composite as described in this report would facilitate material handling and enable dielectric property measurement, in contrast to that on a fibrous mat of pure ZnO. Because of the high surface area of the short ZnO fibers and their polycrystalline structure, interfacial polarization is pronounced in the nanocomposite film. The dielectric constant is enhanced significantly-up to a factor of 10 at low frequencies compared to the dielectric constant of constituent materials (both bulk ZnO and PVDF), and up to a factor of two compared to a bulk-ZnO/PVDF composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1003-1010, 2010