PENGARUH ASFIKSIA NEONATAL TERHADAP TERJADINYA GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN SENSORINEURAL THE EFFECT OF NEONATAL ASPHYXIA TO SENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT

Background. According to WHO, the prevalence of hearing impairment in Indonesia was 4.2%, one of the causes is asphyxia. Early detection and optimal intervention in the first 6 months of age could prevent the developmental disturbances. Objective. To determine asphyxia as a risk factor for sensorineural hearing impairment considering prematurity, ototoxic drug, mechanical ventilator. Methods. A cohort study. Subject: neonates with asphyxia who were match the criteria in Dr. Kariadi hospital on December 2009 July 2010. Control: neonates without asphyxia. Consecutive sampling were chosen. The first OAE was taken at the age <1 month, the second OAE and BERA at 3 months later. Analysis: Chisquare, Mc Nemar, non-paired t-test, logistic regression. Results. Subject: 34 neonates with asphyxia, 34 neonates without asphyxia. The sensorineural hearing impairment incidence was 35,3% in asphyxia in the first of OAE (p=0.003; RR:6.0; 95%CI:1.5-24.8), decreased to 20,6% (p=0.15) in the second of OAE. The sensorineural hearing impairment incidence in severe asphyxia was 57,1% in the first of OAE (p=0.003), decreased to 28,6% in the second of OAE (p=0.16). The moderate sensorineural hearing impairment incidence in asphyxia was 11,8% in the BERA test (p=0,14). Prematurity was not significance neither in the first nor the second of OAE (p=1.00). There were significant relationship between ototoxic drug and mechanical ventilator with sensorineural hearing impairment only in the first of OAE (p=0.005; RR:4.4; 95%CI:1.3-14.3 and p=0,03; RR:3,5; 95%CI:1,5-8,2). Asphyxia, ototoxic drug, mechanical ventilator were not a risk factors in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Asphyxia is a risk factor for sensorineural hearing impairment at the age <1 month. The highest sensorineural hearing impairment incidence is severe asphyxia. The ototoxic drug and mechanical ventilator are a risk factors for sensorineural hearing impairment at the age