Lingkungan dan Perilaku pada Kejadian Leptospirosis (Environmental and behavioral factors and the occurrence of leptospirosis)

Background: Leptospirosis is one of the emerging infectious diseases in Indonesia with high case fatality rate namely 2.5-16.45%. Leptospirosis is often reported in some districts/cities in Central Java province namely Semarang City, District of Klaten, Demak, and Boyolali. Number of leptospirosis cases is growing up especially in District of Demak and Semarang City. The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental and behavioral factors that influence the occurrence of leptospirosis. Methods: The study was a survey using case control approach. Number of samples were 120 persons that consisted of 60 cases and 60 controls. Cases were all leptospirosis sufferers who were admitted to a hospital, clinically diagnosed, and confirmed by laboratory using serology test by either dry dot leptotek or lateral flow leptotek and recorded in a medical record. Controls were all patients who were admitted to a hospital and never clinically suffered leptospirosis confirmed by laboratory using serology test by either dry dot leptotek or lateral flow leptotek. Data were analyzed descriptively followed by logistic multiple regression. Results: Physical environment that influence the occurrence of leptospirosis was availability of stagnant water at around a house (OR=3.65; 95%CI: 1.18-11.34; p=0.025). Behavioral factor that influence the occurrence of leptospirosis was activities of either washing or bathing in a river (OR=4.52; 95%CI: 1.27-16.16; p=0.020). Conclusion: Stagnant water around the house and using river as place of washing or bathing have to be avoided