Malformations of the spinal cord

History of Spinal Disorders.- Basic Science: Biomechanics of the Spine.- Spinal Instrumentation.- Age-Related Changes of the Spine.- Pathways of Spinal Pain.- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Spinal Disorders.- Predictors of Surgical Outcome.- Patient Assessment: History and Physical Examination.- Imaging Studies.- Spinal Injections.- Neurological Assessment in Spinal Disorders.- Neurophysiological Investigations.- Surgical Approaches.- Peri- and Postoperative Management: Preoperative Assessment.- Intraoperative Anaestesia Management.- Postoperative Care and Pain Management.- Degenerative Disorders: Degenerative Disorders of the Cervical Spine.- Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy.- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.- Degenerative Lumbar Spondylosis.- Non-specific Low Back Pain.- Postoperative Rehabilitation.- Spinal Deformities and Malformations: Idiopathic Scoliosis.- Neuromuscular Scoliosis.- Congenital Scoliosis.- Degenerative Scoliosis.- Spondylolisthesis.- Juvenile Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease).- Malformations of the Spinal Cord.- Fractures: Cervical Spine Injuries.- Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries.- Osteoporotic Spine Fractures.- Tumor and Inflammation: Primary Tumors of the Spine.- Spinal Metastasis.- Intradural Tumors.- Infections of the Spine.- Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Ankylosing Spondylitis.- Treatment of Postoperative Complications.- Outcome Questionnaires and Tools in Spinal Surgery