From patriotism to critical democracy: Shifting discourses of citizenship in social studies

Historically social studies curriculum in Australia has been specifically responsible for producing morally correct citizens who desire an appreciation of their duties and responsibilities to the state. This article examines the shifting discourses of citizenship education in social studies since the end of the Second World War. It begins by examining three dominant traditions - patriotism and loyalty, social-scientific inquiry, and active citizenship - before considering the discourse of critical democracy founded on the principles of self-fulfilment, self-determination and equality. Although each perspective begins with a different set of assumptions, values and methodology, all share a common goal of preparing children as future citizens. The question becomes, then, what kind of citizen