Policy analysis and recommendations for EU CO2 utilisation policies

To safeguard the competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, in light of lower-cost energy supplies elsewhere, Europe requires combined resource and energy efficiency technology. Most technical components of CO2 utilization can in principle be mobilized in Europe in the short term. Nevertheless, infrastructural, logistical, regulatory and business strategic issues must be addressed imminently by all relevant stakeholders. Given the already dense EU policy landscape, industry stakeholders need to assess first the applicability of the current framework and then the impact that policy changes could bring. Notably, connectivity infrastructure requires more analysis and coordination. This paper presents relevant policies to support CO2 utilisation along the value chain. It outlines the applicability of current policy and benefits of policy enhancements to address barriers to deployment of CO2-derived products. It also lays out the role of key stakeholders to effect appropriate changes in policy. Finally, it explores the justification for a CO2 Utilisation Directive, comparable to the Carbon Capture and Storage Directive