BREAKDOWN OF ONSAGER SYMMETRY IN NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT THEORY

Neoclassical transport theory is developed in a Lagrangian rather than the usual Eulerian formulation. We show that an underlying asymmetry exists in the neoclassical pinch and bootstrap effects and demonstrate the physical basis of the Onsage- symmetry relationship in the pinch-bootstrap duality. It is suggested that low frequency turbulence can destroy the bootstrap current at levels too low to effect the Ware Pinch. Neoclassical transport theory has long predicted the exis-tence of a "bootstrap current " driven by the radial density gradient and a pinch effect driven by the toroidal electrical field. Both effects have substantial practical implications for tokamak reactors. Neither, however, has been confirmed by experiment. Inward plasma flow has been clearly, if indirectly, observed although not (3)quantitatively explained by the neoclassical pinch. The boot