References

ciency. Pregnant women who have iron deficiency are at higher risk for preterm birth, a low-birth-weight infant, and ma-ternal death, which are factors that must be considered in balancing the potential risks and benefits of iron supplementa-tion during HIV infection [3]. In devel-oped countries, the epidemiology of ane-mia, nutritional status, and oxidative stress has changed with the advent of highly ac-tive antiretroviral therapy [4, 5], and fur-ther evaluation is needed to characterize the relationship between iron status and HIV disease severity in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy [3]. Clinical trials are currently in progress to deter-mine directly the risks and benefits of iron supplementation for adults with iron de-ficiency anemia and HIV infection