Resolution of Inflammatory Responses: Signalling Networks and Novel Therapeutic Strategies 263 Single-cell time-lapse imaging of the dynamic control of NF-κB signalling

The transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) regulates critical cellular processes including the inflam-matory response, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Over the past 20 years many of the components of the NF-κB signalling pathway have been elucidated along with their functions. Recent research in this field has focused on the dynamic regulation and network control of this system. With key roles in so many important cellular processes, it is critical that NF-κB signalling is tightly regulated. Recently, single-cell imaging and mathematical modelling have identified that the timing of cellular responses may play an important role in the regulation of this pathway. p65/RelA (RelA) has been shown to translocate between the nucleus and cytoplasm with varying oscillatory patterns in different cell lines leading to differences in transcriptional outputs from NF-κB-regulated genes. Variations in the timing or persistence of these movements may control the maintenance and differential expression of NF-κB-regulated genes. Introduction to the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) network The NF-κB signalling pathway has been shown to be active in virtually all cell types and to regulate a number of essentia