Adherence Controlling Elements in Ceramic-Metal Systems. II. Nonprecious Alloys

Nickel-chromium alloy-ceramic couples used in this study exhibited Cr, Ni-Cr, and Ti-Cr in-teractions with bonding agent-ceramic com-plexes. Bonding agents may broaden or sup-press the width of interaction zones. Metal oxides such as NiO, Cr2O, or more complex forms such as TiO * Cr2O, and NiCr2O4 may play a prominent role in controlling ceramic-metal adherence. J Dent Res 56(9): 1053-1061 September 1977. Previous studies of metal-ceramic adherence have been reviewed in Part I of this paper. Little research has been conducted to date on analysis of adherence zone reactions in nonpre-cious (nickel-chromium) alloy-ceramic sys-tems. The objectives of this part of the study were: (1) to characterize the nature of ad-lherence zone diffusion profiles of nonprecious allovs through energy dispersive X-ray analysis, (2) to determine the effect of "bonding agents" on elemental diffusion behavior, and (3) to correlate interface morphology changes with diffusion behavior in systems with and without recommended bonding agents. Materials and Methods The Ni-Cr alloys and the corresponding porcelain products used for preparation of ce-ramic-metal couples are given in the Table. As received metal ingots were cast into thin flat plates (8mm X 8 mm X 1 mm) ac-cording to manufacturers ' instructions using a Lepel * (Model No. ACF-1) Induction Cast-ing Machine. The plates were polished metal-lographically through 0.05 um alumina. Jelbon and Ultratek were fired with two layers o