He Cooled Granular Target Analytical Results and CFD Analysis

A multidisciplinary scientific research center harnessing the world’s most powerful neutron source is going to be built in Lund: ESS, The European Spallation Source. Researchers will be able to study the materials of everyday life in all their rich diversity – from plastics and proteins to medicines and molecules – in order to understand how they are built up and how they work. ESS will become a hub in Europe’s research infrastructure ESS consists of an accelerator and a target station. A first step is to accelerate protons close to the speed of light. This is achieved using front edge technology in a 600 m long linear accelerator. The protons are impinging materials such as lead, tungsten or mercury. When protons interact with heavy nuclei, neutrons are released from those nucleis: this reaction is called spallation. A large amount of energy is deposited by the proton beam into the target. This causes a temperature rise in the material and requires efficient cooling. There are many different concepts for the target, one of them is a stationary target consisting of granular tungsten spheres and another one is a rotating target consisting of densely packed tungsten cylinders. This thesis will be about simulating the cooling of these target concepts. The cooling i