Pulmonary ischemia induces lung remodeling and angiogenesis

modeling during angiogenesis in the lung is poorly described. Fur-thermore, it is the systemic vasculature of the lung and surrounding the lung that is proangiogenic when the pulmonary circulation be-comes impaired. In a mouse model of chronic pulmonary thrombo-embolism, after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL), the intercostal vasculature, in proximity to the ischemic lung, proliferates and in-vades the lung (12). In the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of the kinetics of remodeling using histological sections of the left lung of C57Bl/6J mice after LPAL (4 h to 20 days) or after sham surgery. New vessels were seen within the thickened visceral pleura 4 days after LPAL predominantly in the upper portion of the left lung. Connections between new vessels within the pleura and pulmonary capillaries were clearly discerned by 7 days after LPAL. The visceral pleura and the lung parenchyma showed intense tissue remodeling, as evidenced by markedly elevated levels of both prolif