Ir. R. van Leusden BRU (Transit Authority Utrecht)

Service reliability effects on passengers Service reliability is an important quality characteristic in public transport. However, in cost-benefit analyses, this quality aspect is rarely taken into account explicitly, since the interaction between vehicle variability and passenger reliability is complex. In our research [Van Oort 2011], we presented the main impacts on vehicle variability on passengers, being additional waiting time, a distribution of passenger travel time (and thus insecure arrival times) and crowding. In this paper we describe how to calculate these effects quantitavely and how to take them into account in a cost benefit analysis. Figure 1 illustrates the differences and relations between the demand and supply sides. Passenger waiting time is determined by actual headways and departure times next to passenger arrival time at the stop. In addition, passenger in-vehicle time is equal to the trip time of the vehicle and together with the departure time, the arrival time at the destination stop is set. In this paper, we provide equations to translate vehicle characteristics into passenger effects. This relationship depends on the arrival pattern of passengers at their arrival stop. In a survey we found out that passenger tend to arrive at random if headways are 10 minutes or less. In that case the additional waiting time of passengers is determined by the headway variation