Dynamic Multi-objective Optimisation using PSO

Optimisation problems occur in many situations and aspects of modern life. In reality, many of these problems are dynamic in nature, where changes can occur in the environment that influence the solutions of the optimisation problem. Many methods use a weighted average approach to the multiple ob-jectives. However, generally a dynamic multi-objective optimisation problem (DMOOP) does not have a single solution. In many cases the objectives (or goals) are in conflict with one another, where an improvement in one objective leads to a worse solution for at least one of the other objectives. The set of solutions that can be found where no other solution is better for all the ob-jectives, is called the Pareto optimal front (POF) and the solutions are called non-dominated solutions. The goal when solving a DMOOP is not to find a single solution, but to find the POF. This chapter introduces the usage of the vector evaluated particle swarm optimiser (VEPSO) to solve DMOOPs. Every objective is solved by one swarm and the swarms share knowledge amongst each other about the objective that it is solving. Not much work has been done on using this approach in dynamic environments. This chapter discusses this approach, as well as the effect that various ways of transferring knowledge between the swarms, together with the population size and various response methods to a detected change, have on the performance of the algorithm.