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Laboratory errors may occur in every stage of laboratory management process and lead to a considerable harm to inpatients. This study was aim to investigate the Proactive risk assessment of the laboratory management process in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad (2013). This was a descriptive research that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed some failure modes and effects. In order to classify the modes of failure and effective causes of them and also determining the improvement strategies, we have used "nursing error management association", "Eindhoven " and "theory of inventive problem solving" models respectively. In 5 steps of laboratory management process which is conducted on17 listed sub-processes, on average 59 error modes in each ward was identified. 18.7 % of error modes were identified as high risk errors (hazard score ≥ 8). Most of error causes were related to human factors (42.7%).In addition, 31.6 % of preventive measures were assigned in human resources management strategy group and 16.9 % in team work group. The Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method was very efficient in identifying failure modes, determining causes which impact each failure mode, an