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This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). A total of 247 children aged 2 to 5 years and their parents/guardians participated in this study. A clinical oral examination was performed and the parents/guardians completed the ECOHIS ques-tionnaire. Within a period of four-weeks, 20 % of the participants repeated the ECOHIS question-naire. Construct validity was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation. Discriminant va-lidity, internal consistency and test-retest reli-ability were also evaluated. The children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (with dental car-ies) and group 2 (caries-free). Children with car-ies showed higher mean ECOHIS scores than the caries-free children. The child impact section (p < 0.01), family impact section (p < 0.01) and total ECOHIS scores (p < 0.01) were significantly cor-related with tooth decay. Cronbach’s alpha coef-ficients demonstrated satisfactory internal con-sistency. The Brazilian version of the ECOHIS is a valid instrument for assessing oral health-relat-ed quality of life in preschool children with Bra-zilian Portuguese-speaking primary caregivers