Original Article Effects of Sex and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use on the Prevalence of Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose and Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Subjects With a

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is more prevalent in men and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) more prevalent in women. To explore whether this sex difference is related to female sex hormones, we performed a cross-sectional anal-ysis of data from 2,164 (1,329 women and 835 men) first-degree relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were categorized based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Sex and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) effects on the distribution of glucose tolerance were assessed using multinomial logistic regression corrected for familial clustering. Compared with men, women were more likely to have isolated IGT (relative risk 1.8 [95 % CI 1.3–2.5]) and less likely to have isolated IFG (0.5 [0.3–0.7]) adjusted for ethnicity, age, waist, fasting insulin, and early insulin release (I0–30/G0–30). To evaluate HRT effects