1986 Unions ill Crisis and Beyond: Perspectives From Six Countries. Dover,

c~operationlt is built upon the remains of patterns of collective bargaining which failed to meet thechallenges of new economic, social, and political conditions. In other words, patterns of collective bargaining in certain industries laid the groundwork for the emergence of the patterns of "formalcooperation,". ~ccording to the editor, the past experience of labor disputes has played a significant role in the emergence of "formal cooperation. " It has led workers and employers to recognize that "formal cooperation " is the best way to solve such macroeconomic problems as foreign competition and decreasing competitiveness of American goods, a falling U.S. share in the world market, plant shutdowns, and rising unemployment, In the end, Cornfield fails to present a convincing argument to explain why this significant change in the labor-management relationships took place. He ignores the concept of class and class struggle, and does not adequately explain how workers and employers solved their historical conflicts. The emergence of "formal cooperation " in some companies is likely due to the fact that the balance of power between labor and management in many of th