Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning Differentiating and Assessing Relationships in Service-Learning and Civic Engagement: Exploitative, Transactional, or Transformational

As a defining aspect of service-learning and civic engagement, relationships can exist among faculty members, students, community organizations, community members, and administrators on campus. This research developed procedures to measure several aspects of these relationships. Investigators collected information from 20 experienced service-learning faculty members about their relationships with repre-sentatives of community organizations using the newly-developed Transformational Relationship Evaluation Scale (TRES). Results indicate that transactional and transformational qualities can be dif-ferentiated using TRES and are related to other characteristics of relationships (e.g., closeness). Conceptual work underlying this study aims to advance practitioner-scholars ’ understanding of partner-ships as one type of relationship, offering a refinement on and an expansion of the terminology associ-ated with service-learning and civic engagement. Relationships are a central, defining dimension of community-campus engagement (e.g., Cruz & Giles, 2000; Dorado & Giles, 2004; Jacoby & Associates, 2003), and “partnership ” may be among the most fre-quently used words in the literature on service-learn