11 Renal transplants 12 Renal biopsy and cyst puncture 13 Discussion References

Ultrasound can now be accepted as a reliable diagnostic technique in the investigation of renal disease. It is a non-invasive method of examination requiring no preparation of the patient and is independent of renal function. The demonstration of renal tract lesions with the use of ultrasound is not a new procedure. In 1961 there were two reports describing a method of localizing renal calculi at operation (Heap, 1961; Schlegel, Diggdon & Cuellar, 1961), and in 1963 Holmes and his colleagues mentioned its use for identifying renal cysts (Holmes & Howry, 1963). Otherworkers have gradually improved on the methods of examination and described features associated with renal tract patholog