6Initiating Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is a central facet of intensive care medicine. Technological progress has led to major advances in this field. Initiation of mechanical ventila-tion remains standard; however, many options are now available to continue mechanical ventilation. These mechanical options include assist-control ventilation, intermittent mandatory ventilation, pressure support ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure, and high-frequency ventilation. The sophistication of ventilators has also allowed more procedures to be performed dur-ing mechanical ventilation, including bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy. Complications do occur during mechanical ventilation, but can be minimized by vigi-lance and use of proper procedures. The recent increase in home care will lead to increased use of alternatives t