Instruction: An Updated Analysis

Abstract-A meta-analysis of findings from 254 controlled evaluation studies showed that computer-based instruction ( C B I) usually produces positive effects on students. The studies covered learners of all age levels-from kindergarten pupils to adult students. CBI programs raised student examination scores by 0.30 standard deviations in the average study, a moderate but effect. Size of effect varied, however, as a function of study feature. Effects were larger in published rather than unpublished studies, in studies in which different teachers experimental and control classes, and in studies of short duration. CBI also produced but positive changes in student attitudes toward teaching and computers, and it reduced substantially the amount of time needed for instruction. Since the early educational technologists have been developing programs of computer-based instruction (CBI) to drill, tutor, and test students to manage instructional programs. In recent years these CBI programs have been used increasingly in schools to supplement or replace more conventional teaching meth