FORUM Short Papers A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments

This paper proposes a model of interaction in virtual environ-ments which we term the immersion, presence, performance (IPP) model. This model is based on previous models of im-mersion and presence proposed by Barfield and colleagues and Slater and colleagues. The IPP model describes the au-thors ’ current conceptualization of the effects of display tech-nology, task demands, and attentional resource allocation on immersion, presence, and performance in virtual environ-ments. The IPP model may be useful for developing a theo-retical framework for research on presence and for interpret-ing the results of empirical studies on the sense of presence in virtual environments. The model may also be of interest to designers of virtual environments.