Waddlia chondrophila: From Bovine Abortion to Human Miscarriage

To the Editor—Miscarriage is the most common complication of preg-nancy, affecting every fourth woman during her life [1]. Despite thorough investigations, an etiology is elucidated in only 50 % of cases. A recent serological study has suggested a role of Waddlia chondrophila, a strict intracellular bac-teria belonging to the Chlamydiales or-der, in human miscarriage [2]. Thus, 96 out of 438 women exhibited an anti-Waddlia immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer R1:64. This seroprevalence was signifi-cantly higher in patients with mis-carriage (32%) compared with contro