LOCATING CONVECTION IN LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONES: A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF RADAR REFLECTIVITIES AND COMPARISON TO LIGHTNING-BASED OBSERVATIONS

Abstract: Researchers have utilized radar reflectivity returns and lightning flashes sepa-rately and together to locate convection with tropical cyclones (TCs). Most studies utilizing both datasets have examined TCs over the ocean, while landfall observations have been limited to a few TCs. This study employs a GIS to delineate regions of high radar reflectivity values within 45 landfalling TCs. The percentage of convective regions contained within each quadrant placed relative to storm motion and deep-layer vertical wind shear is cal-culated. These percentages are then compared to those from previous studies of quadrant-based lightning flash locations. Results indicate that the GIS-based radar analysis may be identifying TC regions that are electrically active. Both the radar- and lightning-based analy-ses show that convection shifts from the right to the front of the storm as forward velocity increases. Convection is located left of the shear vector when storm motion is 45–135° counterclockwise from the shear vector, and downshear when shear-minus-motion angles are 315–45°. Additionally, storms that became extratropical within 72 hours of landfall had more convection forward of the circulation center and left of the shear vector, and may produce less lightning than the remaining TCs. [Key words: tropical cyclone, radar, GIS, lightning, rainfall, landfall, storm quadrant.