and

Extending theL1-IV approach proposed by Sakata (1997, 2007), we develop a new method, named the ρτ-IV estimation, to estimate structural equations based on the conditional quantile restriction imposed on the error terms. We study the asymptotic behavior of the proposed estimator and show how to make statistical inferences on the regression parameters. Given practical importance of weak identification, a highlight of the paper is a proposal of a test robust to the weak identification. The statistics used in our method can be viewed as a natural counterpart of the Anderson and Rubin’s (1949) statistic in the ρτ-IV estimation. 1