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fo se t in fire in the pre-European landscapey’ ’ (Stanturf, 2002, understanding historic and contemporary fire-use attitudes has an extremely long history of Native American Many Native American groups, as well as Hispano and Anglo-American farmers and ranchers, have important bodies of traditional ecological knowledge regarding using ARTICLE IN PRESS Corresponding author. Tel.: +1505 724 3666. fire to create desired ecosystem effects in their local areas (Boyd, 1999). These can be of considerable benefit to land managers. In addition, substantial amounts of land 1464-2867/ $- see front matter Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.hazards.2005.10.00