Insights into severe sepsis in older patients: from epidemiology to evidence-based management

Up to 60 % of patients who develop severe sepsis in the United States are 65 years of age, and the incidence of sepsis in this population is steadily increasing. Elderly individuals have an increased risk of developing sepsis, compared with younger patients, because of frequent comorbidities, institutionalization, declining performance status, and altered immune function. The clinical presentation of older patients with sepsis is often atypical, leading to a difficult and delayed diagnosis. Although increasing age appears to confer a high risk of death due to severe sepsis, recent evidence shows that many older patients respond well to selected interventions when the interventions are initiated in a timely fashion. Newly published clinical practice guidelines outline key recommendations regarding the treatment of patients with severe sepsis. Clinicians must be aware of the level of evidence in support of various interventions and must keenly screen older survivors for ongoing deficits that will limit their functional recovery. Each year, ∼750,000 patients in the United States develop severe sepsis [1], which was defined in recent clinical practice guide-lines as “infection-induced organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion abnormalities ” [2, p. 859]. More than 60 % of these patients with sepsis are 65 years of age [1]. With the number of octogenarians expected to double by the year 2030 [3], sever