Case of the Diffuse Form of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

Copyright © 2013 T. Yoshino and H. Moriyama.is is an open access article distributed under theCreative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the originalwork is properly cited. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare entity and constitutes less than 1 % of chronic pyelonephritis. A 71-year-old male was introduced to our department with general malaise and abnormal �ndings of computed tomography (CT). Abnormal �ndings of complete blood count and laboratory examination included an elevated WBC count and C-reactive protein. Urinalysis showed combined hematuria and pyuria, and Escherichia coli was detected in urine culture. Abdominal CT revealed le hydronephrosis with staghorn renal calculi and thin cortex of the le kidney. Because of poor condition, the patient underwent construction of the le nephrostomy. Aer that, the remission of the in�ammation was achieved. Several months aer the construction, frequent obstructions of nephrostomy catheter because of turbid urine and intermittent fever elevationwere observed. e patient and his family desired le nephrectomy despite his poor condition in general. Surgical dissection was very difficult due to �xed mass. Not long aer that the patient died due to sepsis and cardiovascular failure. Microscopic �ndings of the le kidney revealed in�ltration of lymphocytes and lipid-laden macrophages (xanthoma cells) corresponding to XGP. 1