The Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Using Pig Blood Pyropolymer As the Precursor

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has good potential applications as the power sources for transportation and stationary applications. However, in order to deliver a long-standing promise of becoming an efficient and commercially viable source of clean energy, the PEMFC need to overcome some formidable technical and economic challenges. One of these challenges is the oxygen reduction cathode catalyst which limits the cost, performance and life-time of PEMFC. Currently, the most effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) catalyst. Unfortunately, some critical problems, such as platinum nano-particle agglomeration, detachment and poisoning, have occurred at this catalyst, except for its high cost [1]. Thus, the non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) have become the mos