• Measurements: The costs and yields of screening.

• Objective: To analyze the costs and benefits of alternate cervical cancer screening schedules among elderly women. • Setting: Population-based screening programs. • Design: A Markov model predicts the outcomes of periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment for cervi-cal cancer among women from 65 to 109 years of age. • Patients: A hypothetical cohort of one million 65-year-old women, representative of the U.S. population