(wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/rra.1460 EFFECTS OF WATER WITHDRAWALS ON MACROINVERTEBRATE EMERGENCE: UNEXPECTED RESULTS FOR THREE HOLOMETABOLOUS SPECIES

Small, low-head diversion dams are capable of withdrawing much of the flow of a river, often resulting in elevated water temperatures. Accelerated growth and development of aquatic invertebrates has been demonstrated in warmer temperatures, suggesting that the timing of insect emergence and adult body size may be significantly altered by water withdrawals. To examine the influence of summer water withdrawals on aquatic invertebrate life histories, emergence timing and adult body mass of three holometabolous species were monitored continuously for 9-10 weeks on the Umatilla and Walla Walla Rivers in arid northeastern Oregon, On each river, multiple sample sites were located along gradients of decreasing discharge and increasing water temperatures caused by successive diversions. Despite reductions in discharge of up to 93 % and increases in average water temperature of up to 4.6'C from upstream to downstream, timing of median emergence was unaltered for Helicopsyche borealis, Petrophila confusalis and Glas5osoma traviaturn. However, in a laboratory experiment, higher temperatures led to earlier emergence for H. borealis. Water temperature in the field study was not significantly correlated with reduced adult body size of these species, though female P. confusalis were 31 % smaller at the warmest sample site, Holometabolous life histories and high temperature tolerances are possible explanations for the observed resistance of these species to life history alteration. Copyright CO 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd